maps

wpe10.jpg (32256 bytes)

The People's Republic of China (PRC) has twenty-two provincies, five autonomous regions (Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia), four municipalities directly under the central government (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing) and two administrative regions (Hong Kong SAR en Macao SAR).

info on the administrative division:
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/china/19990914A103.html;
[administrative divisions]
http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/asie/chine-1general.htm;
[situation géopolitique]
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincies_van_China
[Bestuurlijke indeling van de Volksrepubliek China]
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_de_Chine
[Administration territoriale de la République Populaire de Chine]
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Gliederung_der_Volksrepublik_China;
[Administrative Gliederung der Volksrepublik China]
http://www.bwcg.de/sonstiges/vortraege/glintzer.htm
[Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer, Wo liegt China heute? Chinas Vielfalt und Identität im Zeitalter der Globalisierung, 20. November 1998]
http://www.xzqh.org.cn/
[Zhongguo xingzheng quhua wang]

map:
http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43470.htm
[Illuminating China's provinces, municipalities & asutonomous regions]

The PRC also lays claim on Taiwan, considering Taiwan a ‘renegade province’ of the PRC, on the Spratley islands in the the South China Sea, and on the Senkaku/Diaoyutai islands in the East China Sea.

info on the claim on Taiwan:
http://media.hoover.org/documents/CLM25AR.pdf
[Alan D.Romberg, After the Taiwan election, Restoring dialogue while reserving options (2008)]
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/FA16Ad05.html
[Daniel McCarthy, Myths about China-Taiwan reunification, January 16, 2004]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-11/23/content_283945.htm
[China to "pay any price" for national unity; November 23, 2003]
http://www.geledraak.nl/Taiwan/Taiwan_china.html
[Is Taiwan een deel van China? (2003)]
http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR1217.pdf
[David A. Shlapak, David T. Orletsky, Barry Wilson, Dire Strait? Military Aspects of the China-Taiwan Confrontation and Options for U.S. Policy (2000]
http://www.china.org.cn/e-china/administrative/taiwan.htm
[Administrative division: Taiwan province; July 13, 2000]
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/china/china-taiwan.html
[China-Taiwan history; March 7, 2000]
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/china/
[Dangerous Straits: introduction, interview, experts' analyses, chronology & map, readings & links, teacher's guide, &c.]

info on the South China Sea
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/South_China_Sea/pdf.pdf
[Country Analyses Brief: South China Sea; March 2008]
http://www.geledraak.nl/provincies/Z-Chinese_zee.html
[De Zuid-Chinese Zee: Een omstreden zeegebied; 13 maart 2006]
http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/links.htm
[Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea, & related papers]
http://www.on118.com/e_on118/news/disp.asp?news_id=1556
[China, ASEAN Sign Code of Conduct on South China Sea; November 6, 2002]
http://www.aseansec.org/13163.htm
[Declaration on the conduct of parties in the South China Sea, November 4, 2002]
http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/cats.htm
[Hasjim Djalal, Ian Townsend-Gault, Preventive diplomacy: managing potential conflicts in the South China Sea (1999]
http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/maps/sealanes.gif
[South China Sea: sealanes map]
http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/super.htm
[Interregional maritime crude oil shipments: millions of long tonnes (MLT)]

info on the claim on the Spratleys:
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/JB22Ad02.html
[Cheng-yi Lin, Buffer benefits in Spratly initiative, February 22, 2008]
http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/3120.html
[Cheng-yi Lin, Taiwan's Spratly Initiative in the South China Sea, April 1, 2008]
http://www.copvcia.com/free/ww3/032105_china_claims.shtml
[Dale Allen Pfeiffer, China's offshore claims (2005)]
http://taiwansecurity.org/IS/PacNet-100600.htm
[Yann-huei Song, South China Sea Code of Conduct and Taiwan, October 6, 2000]
http://www.gwu.edu/~spi/title.htm
[Vipin Gupta, Adam Bernstein, Keeping an eye on the islands: Remote monitoring in the South China Sea, May 1999]
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/50/index-ea.html
[History of the Nanhai (South China Sea) and the Spratly Islands (1999)]
http://www.lib.noaa.gov/china/programs.htm
[The development of China's marine programs; May 1998]

maps:
http://southchinasea.org/macand/index.htm
[Interactive Map of the Spratly Islands, South China Sea]
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/paracel_spratly_88.jpg
[Paracel islands, Spratley islands]
http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/political_science/MIIIE/spratly_islands.htm
[Spratley islands]
http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/maps-pics.htm
[Spratley islands: maps

info on the claim on the Senkaku Diaoyutai islands:
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkaku-eilanden
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkaku_Islands
http://fr.globalvoicesonline.org/2008/07/05/528/
[Taïwan : Conflit autour des îles Diaoyutai; 5 juillet 2008]
http://globalvoicesonline.org/2008/07/02/taiwan-problems-on-diaoyutai-islands/
[Portnoy, Taiwan: Conflict over Diaoyutai Islands, July 2, 2008]
http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/DIAOYU.HTM
[Cheng-China Huang, Diaoyutai islands dispute, June 1997]
http://www.jcp.or.jp/english/e-senkaku.html
[Questions related to the Senkaku Islands and perspectives for their resolution, September 22, 1996]
http://www.skycitygallery.com/japan/diaohist.html
[Kiyoshi Inoue, Japanese Militarism & Diaoyutai (Senkaku) Island, February 1972]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/senkaku.htm
[Senkaku / Diaoyutai islands (chronology)\
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/senkaku-links.htm
[references & links]

maps:
http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/images/diaoyut.jpg
[Diaoyutai islands]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/senkaku-maps.htm
[Senkaku islands

info on China's relations with its border countries:
http://www.chinapolitik.de/studien/china_analysis/schmidt_china_multilateralismus.pdf
[Dirk Schmidt, Die Beziehungen der Volksrepublik China zu multilateral Gruppierungen im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum 1989-1999 (2001)]
http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/political_science/MIIIE/chinaInternal.htm
[China's internal & border disputes (& maps)]
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/South_China_Sea/SouthChinaSeaTerritorialIssues.html
[South China Sea territorial issues]

	maps of China with its border countries: http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/themes/asie/presentation/cartes.htm [L' Asie en carte] http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/asia_ref_2000.jpg [Arithmal Equal=Projection Map] http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/maps/oilnames.gif [gas/oil fields]
	worldmaps: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_maps/world_political_ref01.pdf [Political map of the world, April 2001] http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/ [world atlas & map library]
	globe position: http://www.maps-of-china.com/china-globe.shtml [China map showing the Peoples Republic of China on a globe view of Earth]

PRC total land area: ± 9,6 million km², extension from north to south ± 4050 km, from east to west ± 5000 km.

Total population ± 1,30 miljard, 49% female, 51% male; 92% Han-nationality, 8% other nationalities, so-called national minorities. And in spite of the 1-child policy a considerable annual population growth.

China population information and news & ticking population clock:
http://www.cpirc.org.cn/en/eindex.htm
[total population of the Mainland of China (2008)]

African origin of Han-Chinese, or not?
http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/Science_2001_v292_p1151.pdf
[African Origin of Modern Humans in East Asia: A Tale of 12,000 Y Chromosomes, May 2001]
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5519/1151
[idem, tables, references and footnotes]
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/humanorigins/history/peking.php
[History of human evolution: Peking man
http://english.cas.cn/Eng2003/news/detailnewsb.asp?infoNo=25619
[Scientists find genetic evidence for southern origin of modern humans in East Asia, July 27, 2005]
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/95/20/11763
[Jiazhen Tan, Genetic relationship of populations in China, September 1998]

on human evolution
http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/ingman.html
[Max Ingman, Mitochondrial DNA Clarifies Human Evolution, May 2001]
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/humanorigins/meettherelatives/w5i1.html
[meet your relatives: jimpanzee, homo sapiens, homo neanderthalensis]
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1876/part-played-labour/index.htm
[Frederick Engels, The part played by labour in the transition from ape to man (1876)
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d36_orig/origin.htm
[On the Origin of Species by Means of natural selection, or the Preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life, by Charles Darwin,
London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859]
http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/darwin_charles_robert/descendance_homme/descendance_homme.html
[Charles-Robert Darwin (1809-1882), La descendance de l’homme et la sélection sexuelle. Traduit de l’Anglais par Edmond Barbier
d’après la seconde édition anglaise revue et augmentée par l’auteur, 1874]
Humani Generis
[On Human Origin, Encyclical by Pope Pius XII on the theories of the origin of man, August 12, 1950]
http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/22602.php?index=22602&lang=it
[Conferenza stampa di presentazione del convegno internazionale "Biological evolution: facts and theories. A critical appraisal 150 years after the ' Origin of Species' ", Roma, 3-7 Marzo 2009; September 16, 2008]
http://www.evolution-rome2009.net/
[Pontifical Gregorian University, III STOQ International Conference, Biological Evolution: facts and theories. A critical appraisal 150 years after the ' Origin of Species', Rome, 3-7 March 2009]

Influence of the geological environment on economy and population density:

map arable soil: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/china_agricultural_86.jpg
map crop cultivation: http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/maps/crops/all_m.htm
map population density: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/china_population_83.jpg
map infrastructure: http://www.schillerinstitute.org/graphics/maps/landbridge_maps/ChinaRail.jpg
http://www.economist.com./world/asia/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=10697210
reliefmap: http://www.hphein.de/Bilder/relief.jpg
general: http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/maps.asp?iso3=CHN&lang=en

Languages: mandarin, based on Beijing dialect, is the PRC official language; cantonese is the usual language of south China including Hong Kong, the usual language of Shanghai is wu; 200 different languages of the ‘national minorities’.
more on the submap ‘languages’