recht

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ALGEMENE INLEIDINGEN TOT DE CHINESE STAATSINRICHTING
(organised by subject)

POLITIEK SYSTEEM [zhengzhi zhidu]

inleidingen & artikelen [gaikuang jieshao, wenzhang]
http://www.ambafrance-cn.org/lettre.html?id_lettre=338
[La Chine et le droit, Le droit administrative; novembre 2009]
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10670560903172808
[Yukyung Yeo, Remaking the Chinese state and the nature of economic governance?, The early appraisal of the 2008 'super-ministry' reform, November 2009]
http://www.springerlink.com/content/x8327h15gm718627/fulltext.pdf
[Peter R. Moody Jr., Political culture and the study of Chinese politics, June 9, 2009]
http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~lewi/WPS/87_Liu.pdf
[Liu Yigong, Chinese legal tradition and its modernization, May 2009]
http://www.chinapolitik.de/china/pubs/china_polsys/polsys1.pdf
[Sebastian Heilmann, Das politische System der Volksrepublik China im Überblick, April 2009]
http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/3206.html
[Willy Lam, CCPLA: Tightening the CCPs rule over law, March 6, 2009]
http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2008/10/31chinaa.html
[Lynn Walsh, The character of the Chinese state, October 31, 2008]
http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/institutions/china-s-political-colours-from-monochrome-to-palette
[Jeffrey N.Wasserstrom, China's political colours: from monochrome to palette, May 14, 2008]
http://chinaelectionsblog.net/?p=13464
[Mark Leonard, China's new intelligentsia, February 28, 2008]
http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/080129_murphydecoding.pdf
[Melissa Murphy, Decoding Chinese Politics: Intellectual debates and why they matter, January 2008]
http://www.socialismtoday.org/114/china.html
[Vincent Kolo, China’s capitalist counter-revolution, December 2007]
http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Speeches/2007-11/16/content_1373039.htm
[China's political party system, November 2007]
http://asianresearch.org/articles/3082.html
[Willy Lam, China's slavery scandal reveals weaknesses in governance, August 25, 2007]
http://www.springerlink.com/content/8881336436531077/fulltext.pdf
[Wei-Wei Zhang, Long-term outlook for China’s political reform, May 5, 2006]
http://www.cfr.org/publication/10063/chinas_legal_reform_at_the_crossroads.html
[Jerome A.Cohen, China's legal reform at the crossroads, March 2006]
http://www2.bpb.de/publikationen/T8KUJ9,4,0,Charakteristika_des_politischen_Systems.html
[Sebastian Heilmann, Charakteristika des politischen Systems, 9. Februar 2006]
http://www.senat.fr/rap/r05-307/r05-30711.html
[Sénat, Mission effectuée en Chine du 10 au 22 septembre 2005: Le paradoxe de l'organisation politique en Chine]
http://www.asienkunde.de/articles/Schubert94.pdf
[Gunter Schubert, Reforming authoritarianism in contempory China. Reflections on Pan Wei's consultative rule of law regime, January 2005]
http://www.wz-newsline.de/index.php?redid=206005
[Interview mit Helmut Schmidt: wir sehen China ganz falsch (2005)]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-09/27/content_378161.htm
[CPC issues document on ruling capacity; 27/09/2004]
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200409/26/print20040926_158378.html
[Chinese Communist Party publishes key policy document on governance capability, September 26, 2004]
http://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/events/040926.htm
[Chinese Communist Party publishes key policy document on governance capability, September 26, 2004]
http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/2004/Sep/668376.htm
[Zhonggong Zhongyang guanyu jiaqiang dang de zhizheng nengli jianshe de jueding, 26/09/2004]
http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2004-09/26/content_2024232.htm
[idem, Zhonggong Zhongyang guanyu jiaqiang dang de zhizheng nengli jianshe de jueding, 26/09/2004]
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2004.00200.x/pdf
[Frank N.Pieke, Contours of an anthropology of the Chinese state: political structure, agency and economic development in Rural China (2004)]
http://www.china.org.cn/english/2003/Jan/53916.htm
[New Beijing municipal government elected; January 20, 2003]
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20033271
[Minxin Pei, China's governance crisis, September 2002]
http://academics.cuberoof.com/sisea532-Chin-poli/Pei_v_Naughton.pdf
[Pete Sweeny, The carrot, the stick, and the Communist Party: Barry Naughton et al. versus Minxin Pei (2004)]
http://www.kas.de/db_files/dokumente/7_dokument_dok_pdf_1338_1.pdf
["China am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts", Deutsch-Chinesische Forum 21. und 22. Oktober 2002; Dezember 2002]
http://www.stanford.edu/group/siepr/cgi-bin/siepr/?q=system/files/shared/pubs/papers/pdf/credpr61.pdf
[Jean C.Oi, Bending without breaking, The adaptability of China's political institutions, October 2000]
http://www.chinafokus.de/nmun/1_liste.php
[Jakob Hort, Die Institutionelle Struktur der VR China und ihre Abhängigkeit von personalpolitischen Konstellationen (2000)]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/china/stories/beijing041998.htm
[Steven Mufson, Debate blossoms In Beijing Spring, April 19,1998]
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/55/index-j.html
[The Communist Party of the PRC: The contempory political history of the PRC]
http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-01/22/content_629541.htm
[Zhongguo Gongchandang dishiliu jie Zhongyang Weiyuanhui]
http://asianresearch.org/articles/1179.html
[4 popular political jokes in Beijing]

2007 witboek [baipishu]
http://cppcc.people.com.cn/GB/49056/6534311.html
[Zhongguo de zhengdang zhidu]
http://www.china.com.cn/policy/zhengdang/node_7037982.htm
[idem, Zhongguo de zhengdang zhidu]
http://www.lawinfochina.com/display.aspx?lib=dbref&id=57
[idem, Zhongguo de zhengdang zhidu; & China's Political Party System]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-11/15/content_6256783.htm
[China's Political Party System]
http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/book/231979.htm
[idem, China's Political Party System]
http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90785/6303123.html
[idem, China's Political Party System]
http://french.china.org.cn/livreblanc/partispolitiques/node_7039662.htm
[Le système des partis politiques en Chine]

RECHTSSYSTEEM [fazhi zhidu]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_history_of_China
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_law
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_law
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspeak
http://www.chinatoday.com/law/a.htm
[China Law and Justice]
http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/legislative/75857.htm
[the legislative system of China]
http://www.chinatoday.com/law/a.htm
[China law and justice system]
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200103/12/eng20010312_64702.html
[NPC Deputy on China's socialist legal system; March 12, 2001]
http://asiafoundation.org/pdf/china.legalreform.pdf
[Legal reform in China (2003)]
http://www.china.org.cn/english/kuaixun/76212.htm
[Chinese current legislation structure; September 28, 2003]
http://www.lawinfochina.com/Legal/index.asp
[legal system of China]
http://www.humanrights.cn/zt/magazine/200402004812104351.htm
[Xu Chongde, China's constitution: Guarantee for people's rights]
http://www.ambafrance-cn.org/-Comprendre-le-Droit-chinois-.html?lang=fr&id_mot=309
[Comprendre le droit chinois: Dossiers]
http://www.ambafrance-cn.org/recherche.html?page=recherche&lang=fr&recherche=comprendre+le+droit+chinois
[comprendre le droit chinois]
http://www.chine.fr/indroit.html
[Daniel Arthur Laprès, Introduction au droit chinois]
http://www.bjreview.com/nation/txt/2011-04/02/content_349055.htm
[Yin Pumin, Improving the legal system, April 7, 2011]
http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/zt2009/2009wxfzjs/node_8282.htm
[Disi jie Zhongguo, wuxi "fazhi jianshe" luntan juxing (2009)]
http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/NPCChina/2008-01/15/content_1389719.htm
[Legislative system, legal system and legislative procedure of China, January 2008]
http://french.10thnpc.org.cn/china/archives/legislation/node_2097552.htm
[Le régime législatif de Chine (2006)]
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v029/29.3wan.pdf
[Ming Wang, Human Rights Lawmaking in China: Domestic politics, international law, and international politics (2007)
http://mcx.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/33/2/163
[Philip C. C. Huang, Whither Chinese law?, 2007]
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v029/29.3wan.pdf
[Ming Wang, Human Rights Lawmaking in China: Domestic politics, international law, and international politics (2007)
http://mcx.sagepub.com/content/33/2/163.full.pdf
[Philip C. C. Huang, Whither Chinese law?, 2007]
http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.giq.2005.05.003
[Susan Xue, China’s legislative system and information: An overview, July 14, 2005 (e-book, pdf)]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A57447-2004Mar14
[Edward Cody, China amends constitution to guarantee human rights, March 14, 2004]
http://docs.law.gwu.edu/facweb/dclarke/public/ChineseLegalSystem.html
[Donald C.Clarke, The Chinese Legal System, July 4, 2005]
http://www.freechina.net/2004/comment/00012.htm
[Stanley Lubman, Bird in a cage: Chinese law reform after twenty years, May 1, 2000]
http://www.chinatoday.com/law/a.htm
[China law and justice]
http://www.questia.com/library/book/fundamental-legal-documents-of-communist-china-by-albert-p-blaustein.jsp
[Fundamental legal documents of communist China (1962; e-book)]

STAATSSTRUCTUUR & STAATSORGANEN [guojia zhidu & guojia jigou]

overzicht [gaiguan]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_de_la_République_populaire_de_Chine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfassung_der_Volksrepublik_China
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costituzione_della_Repubblica_Popolare_Cinese
http://www.stf.jus.br/arquivo/cms/sobreStfCooperacaoInternacional/anexo/BRIC_intercambio/China__
The_Relationship_between_Court_Congress_and_Government_in_China__From_State_Structure_Perspective.do.pdf
http://www.asiaing.com/the-china-leadership-monitor-fall-2007.html
http://www.asia-planet.net/china/political-system.htm
[political system and state structure
http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/state_structure/64401.htm
[structure of the state]
http://german.china.org.cn/de-zhengzhi/3.htm
[Das System der Volkskongresse]
http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cede/det/jj/t412248.htm
[System der Volkskongresse ist wichtiges Element des politischen Organs Chinas; 5. März 2008]
http://french.10thnpc.org.cn/china/archives/etatstructure/node_2060506.htm
[La structure de l'État (2006)]
http://www.legalinfo.gov.cn/english/Legal-Knowledge/node_7642.htm
[basic system of the state]
http://www.china.org.cn/german/shuzi-ger/gq/htm/gq.htm
[Staatsflagge, Staatswappen, Nationalhymne, Hauptstadt]

Nationale Volksvergadering [quanguo renmin daibiao dahui / renda]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_People's_Congress
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaler_Volkskongress
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People's_Congress
http://www.china.org.cn/english/chuangye/55414.htm
[National People's Congress]
http://english.gov.cn/2005-09/02/content_28456.htm
[The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/dfpd/2011dflh/2011-01/12/content_11838545.htm
[Renmin Daibiao Dahui Zhidu shi wo guo zui zhongyao de jiben zhengzhi zhidu, 12/01/2011]
http://english.gov.cn/links/npc.htm
[The National People's Congress, March 15, 2008]
http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/NPCChina/2008-01/15/content_1389717.htm
[A portrait of modern China; January 15, 2008]
http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/rdjg/node_507.htm
[Renda jigou (2008)]
http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-11/15/content_2221419.htm
[Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (1994-2008)]
http://npc.people.com.cn/
[Zhongguo Renda Wang]
http://english.people.com.cn/200409/17/eng20040917_157348.html
[Top legislator stresses NPC system; September 17, 2004]
http://www.10thnpc.org.cn/french/60444.htm
[Quels sont les rapports entre l'APN et les assemblées populaires locales?]
http://de.chinabroadcast.cn/21/more/2567/ZTmore2567.htm
[Welche Kompetenzen hat der NVK; 25. Februar 2004]
http://rauli.cbs.dk/index.php/cjas/article/viewFile/11/15
[Chao Chien-min, The National People's Congress oversight power and the role of the CCP (2003)]
http://www.appf.org.pe/members/005about.htm
[general info, electoral system, last elections, presidency of the parliament; September 1, 1992]
http://www.jstor.org/stable/651543
[Philip L. Bridgham, The National People's Congress, June 1965]

President [zhuxi]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Président_de_la_République_populaire_de_Chine
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_la_República_Popular_China
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_présidents_de_la_République_Populaire_de_Chine
http://german.china.org.cn/de-zhengzhi/8.htm
[Das System des Staatspräsidenten]
http://www.china.org.cn/german/shuzi-ger/zz/htm/zz2.htm
[Die Staatsorgane: der Staatspräsident]
http://english.gov.cn/links/presidency.htm
[The presidency of the People's Republic of China; March 15, 2008

Staatsraad [guowuyuan]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_d'État_de_la_République_populaire_de_Chine
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consejo_de_Estado_de_la_República_Popular_China
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsrat_der_Volksrepublik_China
http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/cn.html
[Governments on the WWW: China (PRC)]
http://www.china-botschaft.de/det/lj/t93721.htm
[Regierungsstellen: Ministerien und Kommissionen, Lokalregierungen; 4. Juli 2007]
http://german.china.org.cn/de-zhengzhi/5.htm
[Das zentrale Verwaltungssystem]
http://german.china.org.cn/de-zhengzhi/9.htm
[Das Kader (Staatsangestellten) System]
http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/organization.shtml
[State organs and people's organizations of the People's Republic of China]
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/66277.stm
[New government line-up in China, March 18, 1998]
http://www.china.org.cn/english/kuaixun/64784.htm
[The organizational structure of the State Council; May 20, 2003]
http://english.gov.cn/links/statecouncil.htm
[The State Council; October 25, 2005]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/state_council.htm
[State Council & Agencies; April 27, 2005]
http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2963340/n2971121/n2971968/2973813.html
[Ministries & Commissions, &c.]
http://www.sinoptic.ch/politique/rpc/gouv/1998.htm
[Dirigeants de la République populaire de Chine: Gouvernement 1998-2003]
http://www.sinoptic.ch/politique/rpc/gouv/
[Dirigeants de la République populaire de Chine: Gouvernement 2003-2008, & 2008-]
http://www.newsgd.com/specials/2008NPCCPPCC/content/2008-03/12/content_4350265.htm
[China to set up five new "super ministries"; March 12, 2008]
http://www.gov.cn/
[Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Zhongyang Renmin Zhengfu menhu wangzhan]
http://www.moj.gov.cn/
[Sifabu]
http://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn/
[Waijiaobu ]
http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/
[Shangwubu wang (2008)]

locale regeringen [difang geji renmin zhengfu]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_divisions_of_China
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_de_Chine
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Gliederung_der_Volksrepublik_China
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organización_territorial_de_la_República_Popular_China
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suddivisione_amministrativa_della_Cina
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_dirigeants_des_provinces_chinoises
http://german.china.org.cn/de-zhengzhi/6.htm
[Das lokale Verwaltungssystem]
http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2963340/n2971121/n2971968/2973813.html
[local governments]
http://www.unescap.org/huset/lgstudy/country/china/china.html
[local government in Asia and the Pacific, A comparative study, Country Paper: China]
http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~asaich/Blind-Man-and-the-Elephant.pdf
[Tony Saich, The blind man and the elephant: Analysing the local state in China, June 2001]
http://www.chinapolitik.de/studien/china_analysis/no_18.pdf
[Jörn-Carsten Gottwald, Regionale Reformpolitik in China, die Modernisierung von Staat und Verwaltung, November 2002]
http://www.citymayors.com/government/china_locgov.html
[Nick Swift, Local government reforms in China are led by big cities, October 23, 2004]
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/china/v005/5.1bo.pdf
[Bo Zhiyue, China’s new provincial leaders: Major reshuffling before the 17th National Party Congress,
March 2007]
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/china/v005/5.2seckington.pdf
[Ian Seckington, County leadership in China: A baseline survey, September 2007]
http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8594/1/MPRA_paper_8594.pdf
[Li Lixing, The incentive role of creatingh 'cities' in China, April 2008]

verhouding tussen centrale en locale regeringen
http://www.clb.org.hk/en/node/100233
[local government rides roughshod over the law; March 27, 2008]
http://media.hoover.org/documents/clm20bn.pdf
[Barry Naughton, The assertive center: Beijing moves against local government control of land (2007)]
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/china/v004/4.2lai.pdf
[Lai, Manhong, and Lo, Leslie Nai-Kwai, Decentralisation and the development of vocational education in China,
September 2006]
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/china/v003/3.2yongnian.pdf
[Yongnian Zheng, Institutional economics and central-local relations in China: evolving research,
September 2005]
http://www.rieti.go.jp/en/china/03062701.html
[Chi Hung Kwan, Adjusting the fiscal relationship between central and local governments: China gropes for
centralization, while Japan heads toward decentralization, June 27, 2003]
http://www.wdi.umich.edu/files/Publications/WorkingPapers/wp68.pdf
[Yasheng Huang, The political economy of central-local relations in China: Inflation and investment controls
during the reform era (1997]
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25053952
[Gabriella Montinola, Yingyi Qian, and. Barry R. Weingast, Federalism, Chinese Style: The political basis for economic success in China, October 1995]

Centrale Militaire Commissie [zhongyang junshi weiyuanhui]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_militaire_centrale_(RPC)
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissione_militare_centrale_(Cina)
http://www.chinatoday.com/org/cpc/central-military-commission.htm
[Central Military Commission of Chinese Communist Party]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/cmc.htm
[Central Military Commission, membership, organization chart, agencies; audio]
http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/china/agency/cmc.htm
[Central Military Commission: state and party central military commissions; June 10,1998]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-09/19/content_375772.htm
[Hu takes over as CPC military commission chief, September 19, 2004]
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200503/13/eng20050313_176614.html
[Hu Jintao elected chairman of state Central Military Commission, March 13, 2005]
http://www.humanrights.cn/en/organizations/stateorgans/t20061031_170786.htm
[Organizations of the CMC; October 31, 2006]
http://www.cinsky.cz/index.php?page=clanek&id=348&lang=en
[Leah Kimmerly, Johanna Cox, Evaluating trends in Central Millitary Commission membership, January 10, 2007]
http://www.rte.ie/news/2007/1022/china.html
[Hu consolidates power in China]

leger [renmin jiefangjun]
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksbevrijdingsleger
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Liberation_Army
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armée_populaire_de_libération
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksbefreiungsarmee
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esercito_Popolare_di_Liberazione
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejército_Popular_de_Liberación
http://german.china.org.cn/de-zhengzhi/7.htm
[Das Militärsystem]
http://www.china.org.cn/french/60691.htm
[composition des forces armées de l'État]
http://www.sinodefence.com/
[Chinese space program (2011)]
http://www.sinodefence.com/military/default.asp
[Chinese military power (2011)]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/intro.htm
[introduction, background, &c.; audio]
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-08/01/content_6459525.htm
[China marks PLA's 80th birthday with grand rally, August 1, 2007]
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10163270902872150
[Hong, Rong-I, Arthur and Wang, Yang-Cheng, The military decision-making process in Beijing and its implications for the PLA's evolution, June 2009]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2010/2010-prc-military-power.htm
[Annual Reports to Congress 2010, Military and security developments involving the People's Republic of China]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2008/2008-prc-military-power05.htm
[Annual Report to Congress 2008, Military power of the People's Republic of China]
http://www.defense.gov/pubs/pdfs/070523-china-military-power-final.pdf
[Annual Report to Congress 2007, Military power of the People's Republic of China]

GERECHTELIJK SYSTEEM [sifa tizhi]

algemeen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_system_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_system_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/pol324/chnjudic.htm
[China's judicial system]
http://www.china.org.cn/english/Judiciary/25025.htm
[China's judiciary]
http://french.10thnpc.org.cn/fa-sifa/index.htm
[Le système judiciaire de Chine]
http://french.china.org.cn/french/200731.htm
[La démocratie judiciaire]
http://www.china.org.cn/german/24676.htm
[Chinas Rechtswesen (2002)]
http://german.china.org.cn/politics/archive/judiciary/node_2024676.htm
[idem, Chinas Rechtswesen (2002)]
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200609/07/eng20060907_300453.html
[Software helps judges mete out sentences; September 7, 2006]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-09/17/content_478587.htm
[Liu Li, Legal reform likely as juvenile crime rises, September 17, 2005]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-04/16/content_323873.htm
[Judicial reform protects human rights; April 16, 2004]
http://www.reds.msh-paris.fr/communication/docs/weidong.pdf
[Ji Weidong, Judicial reform in China and its political implications, s.d.]
http://www.bjreview.cn/g-br/2004-42/2004.42-fm-1.htm
[Jian Fa, Förderung der Justizreform (2004)]
http://china.org.cn/english/government/93200.htm
[Criminal coercive measures standardized, April 16, 2004]
http://www.china.org.cn/english/Judiciary/31277.htm
[jail system (2004)]
http://www.llrx.com/features/chinajudicial.htm
[Zhai Jianxiong, Judicial information of the PRC: a survey, October 1, 2002]
http://www.clearharmony.net/articles/200409/21809.html
[Examples of torture in Jinzhou Prison: Shock with electronic batons and "stool holding" (2001)]
http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Als/pdf/02.pdf
[China's judicial system and its reform, Japan IDE-JETRO, March 2001]
extra
        http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8145.html
        [Aharon Barak, The judge in a democracy, June 30, 2006]
        http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-reas-interpret/
        [Julie Dickson, Interpretation and coherence in legal reasoning, July 1, 2005]

	politie [jingcha] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Armed_Police http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Police_Unit http://www.china-defense.com/oped/pap/pap_2.html [The People's Armed Police] (2005)] http://www.aic.gov.au/events/seminars/1998/xiancui.aspx [Li Xiancui, Crime and Policing in China, November 7, 1998] http://www.cpexhibition.com/police/ [China Police 2010: 2010 Expo, 2008 Expo, 2006 Expo] http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-08/29/content_6066310.htm [Virtual Beijing police to patrol in cyber world, August 29, 2007] http://www.pokerlistings.com/virtual-cops-to-monitor-gambling-porn-in-china [Sarah Poulson, Virtual cops to monitor gambling, porn in China, April 16, 2007] http://www.gdga.gov.cn/en/index.html [Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department] http://www.gdga.gov.cn/ [Guangdongsheng Gong'anting http://www.mps.gov.cn/English/index.htm [Ministry of Public Security] http://www.mps.gov.cn/n16/index.html [Gong'anbu]
	parket [jianchayuan] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_People's_Procuratorate ttp://www.gov.cn/english/links/supremeprocuratorate.htm [The Supreme People's Procuratorate; updated October 25, 2005] http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/state_structure/65032.htm [The organizational setup of the SPP; May 20, 2003] http://www.china.org.cn/english/shuzi-en/en-shuzi/zz/htm/gj.htm [Supreme People's Procuratorate] http://www.spp.gov.cn/site2006/ [Zuigao Renmin Jianchayuan]
	rechtbank [fayuan] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_People's_Court_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China http://french.china.org.cn/french/60562.htm [organes judiciaires de l'État] http://www.chinaiprlaw.com/english/courts/court1.htm [The organization, functions and powers of the people's courts] http://www.chinavitae.com/institution/JUD/4010.101 [Supreme People's Court, view 8 biographies with career data for this institution] http://www.thecourt.ca/2007/03/27/report-from-china-supreme-peoples-court/ [Jiahong Wang, Report from China: Supreme People's Court, March 27, 2007] http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-12/23/content_293544.htm [Wang Wu, Intervention from local government leaders, December 23, 2003] http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/document274.html [Yuwen Li, Professional Ethics of Chinese Judges, May-June 2003] http://www.lawinfochina.com/Article/Article3.html [Zhai Jianxiong, Judicial Information of the People's Republic of China: A Survey, October 1, 2002] http://www.oycf.org/oycfold/httpdocs/Perspectives2/16_033102/two_faces.htm [Zhao Xiaoli, The two faces of the people's tribunals in rural China, Perspectives, Vol.3, No.4, March 31, 2002] http://www.jstor.org/stable/2642544 [Allan Spitz, Maoism and the people's courts, April 1969] http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200109/11/eng20010911_79914.html [Shanghai Youth Courts protect children's rights; September 11, 2000] http://en.chinacourt.org/ [court news and legal information] http://www.chinacourt.org/ [Renmin Fayuanwang] http://www.court.gov.cn/ [Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Zuigao Renmin Fayuan]
	advocatuur [lüshi zhidu] http://www.chinalawedu.com/new/23223_23225/2010_2_21_ji1571141443112201021540.shtml [Legal system of the China Lawyer system] http://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php/China [Chinese criminal defense] http://www.china.org.cn/german/24790.htm [das Rechtsanwaltssystem] http://www.revue-du-commerce-international.info/dossiers/avocat-chine [Mathieu Boyer, Etre avocat en Chine] http://www.lawyersweekly.ca/index.php?section=article&articleid=1179 [Luis Milan, China's legal system uncovered, June 4, 2010] http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/view/34814/ [Disbarred Chinese lawyer: true loser is the legal system; May 5, 2010] http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1905130,00.html [Austin Ramzy, Why the case for China's lawyers doesn't look good, June 17, 2009] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPwFscKGwMQ [Chinese lawyers 'under surveillance' - 07 Aug 08; & related videos] http://www.sondelespoir.org/makeArticle.asp?catID=640&id=46187 [Thème de la semaine: Spécial Gao Zisheng; September 3, 2006]

RECHTSGESCHIEDENIS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_law
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_history_of_China
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_law
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://www.duhaime.org/LawMuseum/LawArticle-363/China--A-Legal-History.aspx
http://www.hku.hk/philodep/ch/Substance-Function.htm
[Rule of Law in Ancient China: Chinese Substance or Western Function?]
http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=kam_wong
[Kam C.Wong, Chinese thinking on crime and punishment: old and new, March 5, 2008]
http://www.caei.com.ar/es/programas/asia/23.pdf
[Joerg Luther, Percezioni europee della sotria costituzionale cinese, October 2006]
http://www.civillaw.com.cn/english/article.asp?id=580
[Weifang He, Reconstruct Chinese Legal Tradition, I (2005)]
http://www.civillaw.com.cn/english/article.asp?id=583
[Weifang He, Reconstruct Chinese Legal Tradition, II (2005)]
http://www.law.fsu.edu/journals/transnational/vol14_2/milkwick.pdf
[Bradley L.Milkwick, Feeling for rocks while crossing the river: The gradual evolution of Chinese law, June 2005]
http://orias.berkeley.edu/summer2004/summer2004Chinalegal.htm
[Hallie Fader, A three-part discussion of the Chinese legal tradition: Legalism and Confucianism, Chinese detective stories, comparing rule of law, July 2004]
http://www.civillaw.com.cn/english/article.asp?id=255
[Wang Weiguo, Some main characteristics of the traditional legal culture of China (2004)]
http://historycooperative.press.uiuc.edu/journals/lhr/21.2/delporte.html
[Dominiek Delporte, Precedents and the Dissolution of Marriage Agreements in Ming China (1368–1644). Insights from the "Classified Regulations of the Great Ming," Book 13 (2003)]
http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/105.5/ah001630.html
[Adrian Davis, Fraternity and Fratricide in Late Imperial China, December 2000]
http://www.freechina.net/2004/comment/00012.htm
[Stanley Lubman, Bird in a cage: Chinese law reform after twenty years (2000)]
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/3850/1/johnson2007.pdf
[Wallace Johnson, Limitations on legal privilege in the Tang Code (2007)]
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Were+Chinese+rulers+above+the+law%3F+Toward+a+theory+of+the+rule+of+law...-a0182200366
[Qiang Fang, Roger des Forges, Were Chinese rulers above the law?, Toward a theory of the rule of law in China from early times tot 1949 CE, january 1, 2008]
http://docs.law.gwu.edu/facweb/dclarke/public/punishments/index.html
[Donald C.Clarke, Punishments in traditional China, images from the New York Public Library Digital Gallery]
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/late_imperial_china/v021/21.2dikotter.html
[Frank Dikötter, Crime and punishment in early republican China: Beijing' s first model prison, 1912-1922, December 2000]
http://www.iias.nl/nl/32/IIAS_NL32_19.pdf
[Frank Dikötter, Cultures of confinemen, November 2003]
http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~wstarbuc/ChinCtrl.html
[Violina P.Rindova, William H.Starbuck, Ancient Chinese theories of control (1997)]
http://www.earnshaw.com/shanghai-ed-india/tales/t-law.htm
[Tales of old Shanghai, Index, Administration: Law, order and administration]
http://www.angelfire.com/ga2/stepstoinsanity/mm1.html
[Magistrate's Manual, A complete book concerning happiness and benevolence, A manual for local magistrates in Seventeenth- Century China, topic 1: Selection and appointment]
http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/3635/1/qingcode00.pdf
[Da Qing Lüli]
http://www.lapres.net/drhstc.html
[Daniel Arthur Laprès, Histoire du droit chinois]
http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1522/cla.esj.dro
[Jean Escarra, Le droit Chinois: conception générale, aperçu historique (1936)]
http://www.legal-history.net/default.asp
[falüshi xueshu wang (legal history net)]
http://www.legalhistory.com.cn/
[Zhongguo Zhengfa Daxue Falü Shixue Yanjiuyuan (Legal History Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law)]
http://turandot.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/
[Chinese Torture / Supplice Chinois: Iconographic, Historical and Literary Approaches of an Exotic Representation, 2003-2004]

algemeen zoekadres voor historische documenten op het gebied van recht en diplomatie:
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/default.asp

RECHTSFILOSOFIE
(veel gebabbel over rule of law & rule by law)
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law
http://scid-new.stanford.edu/system/files/shared/Lichtenstein_SCID_WP_2-23-11_final.pdf
[Natalie Lichtenstein, Thoughts on rule of law and China, February 22, 2011]
http://www.rumormillnews.com/cgi-bin/archive.cgi?read=169736
[Helen Yu, Alison Guernsey, What is the rule of law, April 2010]
http://www.lfip.org/lawe506/documents/lawe506davidclarke.pdf
[David Clark, The many meanings of rule of law]
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=labadie;idno=2917084.0001.001
[Aleksei Borovoi, Anarchism and Law]
http://edition.cnn.com/2009/OPINION/12/31/cohen.china.dissidents/index.html
[Jerome A.Cohen, China's hollow 'rule of law', December 31, 2009]
http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/07/02/china16329.htm
[Nicholas Bequelin, Beijing's Rule of Law Retreat, July 1, 2007]
http://www.civillaw.com.cn/english/article.asp?id=526
[He Weifang, Judicial system and governance in traditional China (I), September 26, 2005]
http://www.civillaw.com.cn/english/article.asp?id=529
[He Weifang, Judicial system and governance in traditional China (II), September 28, 2005]
http://www.asienkunde.de/articles/Schubert94.pdf
[Gunter Schubert, Reforming authoritarianism in contemporary China. Reflections on Pan Wei's Consultative rule of law regime (2005)]
http://www.juragentium.unifi.it/topics/rol/en/wang.htm
[Li Zhenghui, Wang Zhenming, The developing human rights and rule of law in legal philosophy and in political practice in China, 1978-2000; (2005)]
http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/PeiTestimony050607.pdf
[Minxin Pei, Testimony on Rule of Law in China, Statement to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, June 7, 2005)]
http://www.cecc.gov/pages/roundtables/040103/index.php
[Congressional-Executive Commision on China, The rule of law in China: Lawyers without law?; April 1, 2003]
http://www.chinapolitik.de/studien/china_analysis/no_23.pdf
[Hans van Ess, Ist China konfuzianisch?, May 2003]
http://www.hku.hk/philodep/ch/Substance-Function.htm
[Rule of Law in Ancient China: Chinese Substance or Western Function? ]
http://dex1.tsd.unifi.it/juragentium/en/surveys/rol/tay.htm
[Alice Ehr-Soon Tay, "Asian values" and the rule of law]
http://www.cecc.gov/pages/roundtables/040103/peerenboom.pdf?PHPSESSID=974901604b94d3362f6fd98e17d0f621
[The pursuit of non-liberal rule of law in China, statement of Randy Peerenboom; April 1, 2003]
http://www.oycf.org/Perspectives2/17_063002/One_Hundred_Flower_Bloom.htm
[Randy Peerenboom, Let One Hundred Flowers bloom, One Hundred Flowers contend: Debating rule of law in China - Part One (2000)]
http://msittig.freeshell.org/articles/OYCF_OneHundredFlowers_p2.html
[Randy Peerenboom, Let One Hundred Flowers bloom, One Hundred Flowers contend: Debating rule of law in China - Part Two (2002)]
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/EG03Ad03.html
[Ram Gorni, China: Rule of law, sometimes, July 3, 2003]
http://www.sal.org.sg/Lists/Speeches/DispForm.aspx?ID=11
[Xiao Yang, Economic development and legal evolution in China, September 9, 2003]
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA17/052/2002
[PRC Establishing the rule of law and respect for human rights: The need for institutional and legal reforms, Memorandum to the State Council and National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China by Amnesty International, September 2002]
http://www.ridi.org/adi/articles/2002/200203cho.htm
[Leïla Choukroune, Chine - OMC : l’Etat de droit par l’internationalisation?, Mars 2002]
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200103/12/eng20010312_64702.html
[NPC Deputy on China's socialist legal system; March 12, 2001]
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200102/01/eng20010201_61410.html
[Integrating rule of country by law and by morality; February 1, 2001]
http://www.commonwealthprotection.org/AncientChinaLaw.pdf
[Matthew August Lefande, Aspect of legalist philosophy and the law in Ancient China, November 2000]
http://www.leggicinesi.it/dottrina/Wang_RuleLaw.pdf
[Zhenmin Wang, The developing rule of law in China (2000)]
http://www.mansfieldfdn.org/backup/programs/program_pdfs/04chen.pdf
[Albert H.Y.Chen, Toward a legal enlightenment: Discussion in contempora
ry China on the Rule of Law (2000)]
http://www.chinapolitik.de/china/pubs/china_polsys/polsys5.pdf
[Sebastian Heilmann, Die Menschenrechtsfrage und die Perspektiven eines Rechtsstaates in China (1999)]
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/asiaweb/v11n2Carlos.htm
[Carlos Wing-Hung Lo, Socialist legal theory in Deng Xiao-Ping's China (1998)]
http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/lstf19&div=11&g_sent=1&collection=journals
[Alan Fox, The aesthetics of justice: Harmony and order in Chinese thought(1995)]
http://docs.law.gwu.edu/facweb/dclarke/pubs/wto_china.pdf
[Donld C.Clarke, China's legal system and the WTO: Prospects for compliance (2002)]
http://mams.rmit.edu.au/gbmel0526xzrz.pdf
[Michael M.Berrell, Jeff Wrathall, Changing attitudes to intellectual property rights in China: The nexus between Chinese culture and the rule of law]

extra:
http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1522/cla.moc.del8
[Montesquieu, De l'esprit des lois (1758)]
http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/leg.shtml
[Cicero de legibus]

Nota bene: als de grondige studie van het bovenstaande vermoeienis des geestes heeft teweeggebracht,
ga je maar verpozen op de hoofdfolder-impressies, en als je dan eindelijk wel eens wilt weten waar China ligt,
ga dan naar de hoofdfolder-landkaart
Nota bis bene: info over specifieke onderwerpen
1. op de subfolder recht-inleidingen,
2. op andere folders van het webterras
Nota tis bene: politieke teksten & wetsteksten
1. Nederlandse vertalingen op de hoofdfolders (partijrecht, staatsrecht, strafrecht, burgerlijk recht)
2. links naar Duitse, Franse en Engelse vertalingen op de subfolder recht-vertalingen
3. links naar Chinese teksten op de subfolder recht-Chinese teksten
4. links naar wetsinterpretatie op de subfolder recht-jurisprudentia

NIEUWSBRONNEN
http://www.wenfei.com/index.php?id=20&L=0
[China legal briefing, No.222 - No.218]
http://www.wenfei.com/index.php?id=48
[China Legal Briefing Archives, No.217 - No.196]
http://perspectiveschinoises.revues.org/
[le monde chinois contemporain dans leurs aspects politiques, économiques, sociaux et culturels]
http://english.cpc.people.com.cn/index.html
[News of the Communist Party of China]
http://npc.people.com.cn/
[Zhongguo Renda Xinwen]
http://www.law158.com/news.aspx
[falü xinwen]
http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/index_article/node_5955.htm
[xinwen zixun]
http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/News_Center/node_33868.htm
[xinwen zhongxin]
http://news.people.com.cn/GB/index.html
[Renminwang - xinwen zhongxin]
http://www.legalinfo.gov.cn/
[Sifabu: fazhi xinwen]
meer nieuwsbronnen in webterras-media

NOTA BENE de bovenstaande 'algemene inleidingen' bevatten onmisbare basiskennis van de Chinese instellingen. Bestuderen dus en
goed in uw hoofd prenten, wil het tijdens de examens niet voor het blok komen te staan (of te liggen)!

galg-anim.gif (8983 bytes)

een interessant staaltje van onbarmhartigheid:
http://www.guillotine.dk/
[In feite hanteert China het geweer of gebruikt de door Japan geleverde chemiekwibus]