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De VRC heeft 22 provincies, 5 gebieden met nationaal zelfbestuur (Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Guangxi, Ningxia, Tibet),
4 stadsprovincies (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing), en twee bijzondere administratieve gebieden (Hong Kong
en Macao).

info over de administratieve indeling:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Gliederung_der_Volksrepublik_China
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincies_van_China
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_de_Chine

http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsprovincie_(China)
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalité_(République_populaire_de_Chine)
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsunmittelbare_Stadt_(China)
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectuur_(China)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectures_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China

http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43470.htm;
[Illuminating China's provinces, municipalities & asutonomous regions]
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/china/19990914A103.html
[administrative divisions]
http://www.asia-planet.net/china/administrative.htm
[administrative divisions]
http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/asie/chine-1general.htm
[situation géopolitique]
http://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/spw/general/china/index_e.html
[An overview of spatial policy in Asian and European countries: China]

Voorts maakt de VRC aanspraak op Taiwan, betiteld als 'opstandige provincie',  op de Spratleys, een groep eilanden
in de Zuidchinese Zee, en op de Senkaku/Diaoyutai, een groep eilanden in de Oostchinese Zee.

info over de aanspraak op Taiwan:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statut_de_Taïwan
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan-Konflikt
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_politico_di_Taiwan
http://media.hoover.org/documents/CLM25AR.pdf
[Alan D.Romberg, After the Taiwan election, Restoring dialogue while reserving options (2008)]
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/FA16Ad05.html
[Daniel McCarthy, Myths about China-Taiwan reunification, January 16, 2004]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-11/23/content_283945.htm
[China to "pay any price" for national unity; November 23, 2003]
http://www.geledraak.nl/html/page445.asp
[Is Taiwan een deel van China? (2003)]
http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR1217.pdf
[David A. Shlapak, David T. Orletsky, Barry Wilson, Dire Strait? Military Aspects of the China-Taiwan Confrontation and Options for U.S. Policy (2000]
http://www.china.org.cn/e-china/administrative/taiwan.htm
[Administrative division: Taiwan province; July 13, 2000]
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/china/china-taiwan.html
[China-Taiwan history; March 7, 2000]
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/china/
[Dangerous Straits: introduction, interview, experts' analyses, chronology & map, readings & links, teacher's guide, &c.]

info over de Zuid Chinese Zee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_South_China_Sea
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/07/21/china.sea.conflict/
[Kathy Quiano, CNN: China, ASEAN agree on plans to solve South China Sea dispute, July 21, 2011]
http://www.china-un.ch/eng/xwdt/t841727.htm
[The senior officials meeting for the implementation of  "the Declarain on conduct of parties in the South China Sea" reaches an agreement on the guideline, July 20, 2011]
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/06/25/south.china.sea.conflict/index.html
[Kevin Voigt, Explainer: South China Sea - Asia's most dangerous waters, June 30, 2011]
http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/links.htm
[Managing potential conflicts in the South China Sea - related papers]
http://www.on118.com/e_on118/news/disp.asp?news_id=1556
[China, ASEAN Sign Code of Conduct on South China Sea; November 6, 2002]
http://www.aseansec.org/13163.htm
[Declaration on the conduct of parties in the South China Sea, November 4, 2002]
http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/3120.html
[Cheng-yi Lin, Taiwan's Spratly Initiative in the South China Sea, April 1, 2008]
http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/cats.htm
[Hasjim Djalal, Ian Townsend-Gault, Preventive diplomacy: managing potential conflicts in the South China Sea (1999]
http://www.eoearth.org/article/South_China_Sea_large_marine_ecosystem
[South China Sea large marine ecosystem, August 24, 2008]
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/South_China_Sea/pdf.pdf
[South China Sea, Analyses Briefs, March 2008]
http://www.geledraak.nl/provincies/Z-Chinese_zee.html
[De Zuid-Chinese Zee: Een omstreden zeegebied; 13 maart 2006]
http://www.southchinasea.org/
[The South China Sea]
http://www.southchinasea.org/pub.html
[South China Sea Virtyual Library: online publications]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JS4VZbCWj8
[Videographic: China's territorial claims, & related videographics]
http://www.southchinasea.org/album.html
[South China Sea photo album]

kaarten:
http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/maps/sealanes.gif
[South China Sea: sealanes map]
http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/maps/oldsmall.jpg
[Oldest Britisch map of th South China Sea\
http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/super.htm
[Interregional maritime crude oil shipments: millions of long tonnes (MLT)]

info over de aanspraak op de Spratly Islands & de Paracel Islands
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islands
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Spratly
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islands_dispute
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Island_Skirmish_(1988)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_Islands
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Paracel_Islands
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflit_territorial_en_mer_de_Chine_méridionale
http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2626&Itemid=164
[Philip Bowring, The great game for the Spratleys, Vietna takes command of the issue, August 6, 2010]
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/JB22Ad02.html
[Cheng-yi Lin, Buffer benefits in Spratly initiative, February 22, 2008]
http://www.copvcia.com/free/ww3/032105_china_claims.shtml
[Dale Allen Pfeiffer, China's offshore claims (2005)]
http://taiwansecurity.org/IS/PacNet-100600.htm
[Yann-huei Song, South China Sea Code of Conduct and Taiwan, October 6, 2000]
http://www.oss.net/dynamaster/file_archive/020806/a7fe99fd4cc76afb9e6d414f646176d0/Speaker-spratly1.ppt
[Vipin Gupta, Adam Bernstein, Keeping an eye on the islands: Cooperative Remote monitoring of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea]
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/50/index-ea.html
[History of the Nanhai (South China Sea) and the Spratly Islands (1999)]
http://www.mevietnam.org/lanhtho-lanhhai/feer-dispute.html
[Frank Ching, Paracel Islands dispute, February 10, 1994]
http://www.lib.noaa.gov/china/programs.htm
[The development of China's marine programs; May 1998]

kaart aanspraken:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/paracel_spratly_88.jpg
[Paracel islands, Spratley islands, maps]

http://southchinasea.org/macand/index.htm
[Interactive Map of the Spratly Islands, South China Sea]
http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&t=k&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=112047810770307867127.0004460b96d655257cc9c
[Google Maps: Spratley Islands]
http://www.i-google-map.com/asia-map/paracel-islands-map/
[Gogle map of Paracel islands, country facts]
http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/maps-pics.htm
[Spratley islands maps and pictures]

info over de aanspraak op de Senkaku/Diaoyutai:
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkaku-eilanden
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkaku_Islands
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkaku_Islands_dispute
http://eereporter.blogspot.com/2010/10/yesterday-two-miracles-however-you.html
[Historical analysis on the Senkaku Islands, October 24, 2010]
http://fr.globalvoicesonline.org/2008/07/05/528/
[Taïwan : Conflit autour des îles Diaoyutai; 5 juillet 2008]
http://globalvoicesonline.org/2008/07/02/taiwan-problems-on-diaoyutai-islands/
[Portnoy, Taiwan: Conflict over Diaoyutai Islands, July 2, 2008]
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2008/06/27/2003415879/1
[John Tkacik, Clear signal needed on disputes isles, June 27, 2008]
http://books.google.com/books?id=vDpEiKR2osoC&pg=PA95&dq=Pinnacle+Islands#v=onepage
[Historical documents of the Diaoyu islands (2000)]
http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/DIAOYU.HTM
[Cheng-China Huang, Diaoyutai islands dispute, June 1997]
http://www.jcp.or.jp/english/e-senkaku.html
[Questions related to the Senkaku Islands and perspectives for their resolution, September 22, 1996]
http://www.skycitygallery.com/japan/diaohist.html
[Kiyoshi Inoue, Japanese Militarism & Diaoyutai (Senkaku) Island, February 1972]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/senkaku.htm
[Senkaku / Diaoyutai islands (chronology)
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/senkaku-links.htm
[references & links]

kaarten:
http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/images/diaoyut.jpg
[Diaoyutai islands]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/senkaku-maps.htm
[Senkaku islands]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCxeztFHThY
[map of Senkaku islands, & related videos]

info over de relaties met de buurlanden:
http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/china/borderdisputes.html
[Borderdisputes in China; April 19, 2005]
http://www.upiasia.com/Politics/2009/01/08/resolving_chinas_border_disputes/7703/
[Zhang Quanyi, Resolving China's border disputes, January 8, 2009]
http://mit.academia.edu/MTaylorFravel/Papers/8479/Structural_Sources_of_Chinas_Territorial_Compromises
[Albert B.Wolf and M.Taylor Fravel, Correspondence: Structural Sources of China's territorial compromises (2006)]
http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/document806.html
[Daniel Gomà Pinilla, Border disputes between China and North Korea, March/April 2004]
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB49/
[William Burr, The Sino-Soviet border conflict, U.S. reactions and diplomatic maneuvers, June 12, 2001]
http://www.chinapolitik.de/studien/china_analysis/schmidt_china_multilateralismus.pdf
[Dirk Schmidt, Die Beziehungen der Volksrepublik China zu multilateral Gruppierungen im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum 1989-1999 (2001)]

kaarten buurlanden
http://www.chinapage.org/map/china-4.jpg
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/geography/element_a/ea_rs.html
[resources & maps]
http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/themes/asie/presentation/cartes.htm
[L' Asie en carte]
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/china_ussr_e_88.jpg
[China-USRR Border, Eastern Section]
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/asia_ref_2000.jpg
[Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection Map]
http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/maps/oilnames.gif
[gas/oil fields]
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470F/aspac1.html
[maps showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geological provinces of the Asia Pacific region]

wereldkaarten:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_maps/world_political_ref01.pdf
[Political map of the world, April 2001]
http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/
[world atlas & map library]
http://www.maps-of-china.com/china-globe.shtml
[
China map showing the Peoples Republic of China on a globe view of Earth]
http://geography.about.com/od/physicalgeography/u/physicalcultural.htm
[Matt Rosenberg, Physical geography and cultural geography]

Totale oppervlakte: ± 9,6 millioen km2; grootste afstand noord-zuid ± 4050 km, oost-west: ± 5000 km

Totale bevolkingsaantal ± 1,30 miljard, 49% van het vrouwelijke en 51% van het mannelijke geslacht;
92% behorend tot de Han-nationaliteit, 8% tot 55 andere nationaliteiten, de zgn 'nationale minderheden'.
Ondanks de 1-kind politiek een aanzienlijke jaarlijkse bevolkingsaanwas, zie:

China population information and news & ticking population clock
http://www.cpdrc.org.cn/index.asp
[Zhongguodalu renkou shi zhong & jinnian yi chusheng ren]

de stamvaders van de Han-Chinezen waren Afrikanen (of toch niet?)
http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/Science_2001_v292_p1151.pdf
[African Origin of Modern Humans in East Asia: A Tale of 12,000 Y Chromosomes, May  2001]
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5519/1151
[idem, tables, references and footnotes]
http://www.handprint.com/LS/ANC/disp.html
[Hominid fossil sites, & map Migration of Homo sapiens (1997)]
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/humanorigins/history/peking.php
[History of human evolution: Peking man]
http://www.physorg.com/news5474.html
[Scientists find genetic evidence for southern origin of modern humans in East Asia, July 27, 2005]
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/95/20/11763
[Jiazhen Tan, Genetic relationship of populations in China, September 29, 1998]

waar komen de mensen vandaan? en waar gaan ze heen?
http://dagkrant.kuleuven.be/?q=node/10169
[Stephen Hawking, Origin of the Universe, Leuven, October 25, 2011 (video)]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFjwXe-pXvM
[Origin of the Universe - Stephen Hawking (video, 1 of 5), & related videos]
http://web.archive.org/web/20080615011734/http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/03/16_hawking_text.shtml/
[Origins of the universe: Stephen Hawking's J.Robert oppenheimer Lecture, March 13, 2007]
http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp203_geology_human_history.pdf
[Donald F.Beaumont, How the earth's geology determined human history, Sino-Platonic Papers number 2003, June 2010]
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/2000/0117/cover1.html
[Michael D.Lemonick, Andrea Dorfman, Up from the apes, Remarkable new evidence is filling in the story of how we became human, January 17, 2000]
http://www.sciencemag.org/ardipithecus/
[Ardipithecus ramidus: iUnderstanding human origins: editorial, news focus, introduction, research articles (Science, 2 October issue, 2009)]
http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/ingman.html
[Max Ingman, Mitochondrial DNA Clarifies Human Evolution, May   2001]
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/humanorigins/meettherelatives/w5i1.html
[meet your relatives: chimpanzee, homo sapiens, homo neanderthalensis]
http://www.lsp-mas.be/marxisme/1876aap.html
[Friedrich Engels, De rol van de arbeid in de overgang van aap naar mens (1876)]
http://www.marxists.org/francais/marx/76-rotra.htm
[Friedrich Engels, Le rôle du travail dans la transformation du singe en homme]
http://www.mlwerke.de/me/me20/me20_444.htm
[Friedrich Engels, Anteil der Arbeit an de Menschwerdung des Affen]
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d36_orig/origin.htm
[On the Origin of Species by Means of natural selection, or the Preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life, by Charles Darwin,
London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859]
http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/darwin_charles_robert/descendance_homme/descendance_homme.html
[Charles-Robert Darwin (1809-1882), La descendance de l’homme et la sélection sexuelle. Traduit de l’Anglais par Edmond Barbier
d’après la seconde édition anglaise revue et augmentée par l’auteur, 1876.
Humani Generis
[On Human Origin, Encyclical by Pope Pius XII on the theories of the origin of man, August 12, 1950]
http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/22602.php?index=22602&po_date=16.09.2008&lang=it
[Conferenza stampa di presentazione del convegno internazionale, Biological evolution: facts and theories. A critical appraisal 150 years after the ' Origin of Species', Roma, 3-7 Marzo 2009; September 16, 2008]
http://www.evolution-rome2009.net/
[Pontifical Gregorian University, III STOQ International Conference, Biological Evolution: facts and theories. A critical appraisal 150 years after the ' Origin of Species', Rome, 3-7 March 2009]
http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/volltexte/2007/981/pdf/e_Buch_MENSCHENBILDER_J._Fahrenberg_2007_100807.pdf
[Jochen Fahrenberg, Menschenbilder, Psychologische, biologische, interkulturelle und religiöse Ansichten (e-Buch 2007)
http://english.cri.cn/6909/2011/08/02/2741s651489.htm
[70 percent of British related to Egyptian pharao Tutankhamen; August 2, 2011]
http://sinanthropus.blogspot.com/2006/07/new-evidence-for-asian-origins-of.html
[Teilhardina belgica]
http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/2005/0414/fe23-1.html
[Clues to alien life]
http://www.kennislink.nl/publicaties/dossier-robotica-1
[meet ASIMO]

Voor info over de weerslag van de geologische gesteldheid op de economie en de bevolkingsdichtheid, zie:
kaart vruchtbaarheid van de grond: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/china_agricultural_86.jpg
kaart gewassen: http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/Maps/CHN/12/al/index.html
kaart bevolkingsdichtheid: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/china_population_83.jpg
kaart infrastructuur: http://magnetbahnforum.de/index.php?China-Infrastructure
                                 http://www.schillerinstitute.org/economy/maps/maps3.html#China%20and%20Far%20East
kaart bodemreliëf: http://www.hphein.de/Bilder/relief.JPG
kaarten, algemeen: http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/maps.asp?iso3=CHN&lang=en

Talen: het Mandarijn-Chinees, gebaseerd op het Beijing-dialect, dat zich als 'nationale taal' opwerpt, het Kantonees van
zuidelijk China (inclusief Hong Kong), het Wu van Shanghai, en de talen van de 'nationale minderheden'.

balkbamboe.gif (3796 bytes)

© 2002-2012 Jacoba J.H.M.Hanenburg