|
 
| |
"
 | De
VRC heeft 22 provincies, 5 gebieden met nationaal zelfbestuur (Nei Mongol, Xinjiang,
Guangxi, Ningxia, Tibet),
4 stadsprovincies (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing), en twee bijzondere
administratieve gebieden (Hong Kong
en Macao).
|
| Voorts
maakt de VRC aanspraak op Taiwan, betiteld als 'opstandige provincie', op de
Spratleys, een groep eilanden
in de Zuidchinese Zee, en op de Senkaku/Diaoyutai, een groep eilanden in de Oostchinese
Zee.
 | info
over de aanspraak op Taiwan [Taiwan wenti, Taihai wenti, liang'an
wenti]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statut_de_Taïwan
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan-Konflikt
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_politico_di_Taiwan
http://media.hoover.org/documents/CLM25AR.pdf
[Alan D.Romberg, After the Taiwan election, Restoring dialogue while
reserving options (2008)]
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/FA16Ad05.html
[Daniel McCarthy, Myths about China-Taiwan reunification, January 16,
2004]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-11/23/content_283945.htm
[China to "pay any price" for national unity; November 23, 2003]
http://www.geledraak.nl/html/page445.asp
[Is Taiwan een deel van China? (2003)]
http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR1217.pdf
[David A. Shlapak, David T. Orletsky, Barry Wilson, Dire Strait? Military
Aspects of the China-Taiwan Confrontation and Options for U.S. Policy (2000]
http://www.china.org.cn/e-china/administrative/taiwan.htm
[Administrative division: Taiwan province; July 13, 2000]
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/china/china-taiwan.html
[China-Taiwan history; March 7, 2000]
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/china/
[Dangerous Straits: introduction, interview, experts' analyses, chronology &
map, readings & links, teacher's guide, &c.]
|
| info
over de Zuid Chinese Zee [Zhongguo Nanhai]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_South_China_Sea
http://www.southchinasea.org/introduction/
[introduction, biodiversity and natural resources, sea lines of commnicatiom,
regional solutions for regional problems, & more information]
http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/north-east-asia/223-stirring-up-the-south-china-sea-i.pdf
[Stirring up the South China Sea (I), Asia Report N° 223 - 23 April 2012, & appendix
A - G]
http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/north-east-asia/229-stirring-up-the-south-china-sea-ii-regional-responses
[Stirring up the South China Sea (II): Regional responses, Asia Report N° 229 - 24 July
2012, & appendix A - D]
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/video/2011-11/22/c_131261756.htm
[China promotes "South China Sea Code of Conduct", November 22, 2011]
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-11/20/content_14125542.htm
[Li Xiaokun, Hu Yinan, Code of conduct for S China Sea, November 20,
2011]
http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/76829/south-china-sea-needs-legally-binding-code-of-conduct
[Mohammad Anthoni, South China Sea needs legally bindng code of conduct,
October 21, 2011]
http://www.cfr.org/china/growing-us-role-south-china-sea/p26145
[Joshua Kurlantzick, Growing U.S. Role in in South China Sea, October
11, 2011]
http://www.energy-daily.com/reports/China_hungry_for_South_China_Sea_oil_Philippines_999.html
[China hungry for South China Sea oil: Phlippines]
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/07/21/china.sea.conflict/
[Kathy Quiano, CNN: China, ASEAN agree on plans to solve South China Sea
dispute, July 21, 2011]
http://www.china-un.ch/eng/xwdt/t841727.htm
[The senior officials meeting for the implementation of "the
Declaration on conduct of parties in the South China Sea" reaches an agreement on the
guideline, July 20, 2011]
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/06/25/south.china.sea.conflict/index.html
[Kevin Voigt, Nathalie Robehmed, CNN, Explainer: South China Sea -
Asia's most dangerous waters, June 30, 2011]
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/15/us-china-vietnam-idUSTRE75E1DJ20110615
[Chris Buckley, China warns outside nations to stay out of sea dispute,
June 15, 2011]
http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/links.htm
[Managing potential conflicts in the South China Sea - related papers]
http://www.aseansec.org/13163.htm
[Declaration on the conduct of parties in the South China Sea, November 4, 2002]
http://www.eoearth.org/article/South_China_Sea_large_marine_ecosystem
[South China Sea large marine ecosystem, August 24, 2008]
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/South_China_Sea/pdf.pdf
[South China Sea, Analyses Briefs, March 2008]
http://www.geledraak.nl/provincies/Z-Chinese_zee.html
[De Zuid-Chinese Zee: Een omstreden zeegebied; 13 maart
2006]
http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/scs/cats.htm
[Hasjim Djalal, Ian Townsend-Gault, Preventive diplomacy: managing potential
conflicts in the South China Sea (1999]
http://www.southchinasea.org/
[The South China Sea contested waters]
http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/pub.html
[South China Sea Virtual Library: online publications]
http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/album.html
[South China Sea photo album]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JS4VZbCWj8
[Videographic: China's territorial disputes]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TnZOXekzbGs
[South China Sea: A key indicator for Asian security cooperation]
http://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Documents-on-ASEAN-and-South-China-Sea-as-of-June-2011.pdf
[Documents on ASEAN amd South China Sea
|
| info
over de aanspraak op de Spratly Islands & de Paracel Islands [Nansha
& Xisha wenti]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islands
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islands_dispute
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Island_Skirmish_(1988))
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_Islands
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Paracel_Islands
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflit_territorial_en_mer_de_Chine_méridionale
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Spratly
http://www.spratlys.org/
[Spratly islands - China's preciecious pearls in the South Sea]
http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2626&Itemid=164
[Philip Bowring, The great game for the Spratleys, Vietnam takes command of
the issue, August 6, 2010]
http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/3120.html
[Cheng-yi Lin, Taiwan's Spratly Initiative in the South China Sea, April
1, 2008]
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/JB22Ad02.html
[Cheng-yi Lin, Buffer benefits in Spratly initiative, February 22, 2008]
http://taiwansecurity.org/IS/PacNet-100600.htm
[Yann-huei Song, South China Sea Code of Conduct and Taiwan, October 6,
2000]
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/50/index-ea.html
[History of the Nanhai (South China Sea) and the Spratly Islands (1999)]
http://www.mevietnam.org/lanhtho-lanhhai/feer-dispute.html
[Frank Ching, Paracel Islands dispute, February 10, 1994]
http://www.lib.noaa.gov/china/programs.htm
[The development of China's marine programs; May 1998]
|
| info
over de aanspraak op de Senkaku/Diaoyutai [Diaoyudao zhuquan wenti]
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkaku-eilanden
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkaku_Islands
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkaku_Islands_dispute
http://www.eia.gov/countries/regions-topics.cfm?fips=ECS
[East China Sea, Background, oil & natural gas, territorial issues, other
regional actors]
http://www.lawinfochina.com/Search/DisplayInfo.aspx?lib=news&Id=10658
[Chinese military to join mapping of Diaoyu Islands,
January 16, 2013]
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/03/world/asia/china-keeps-up-pressure-on-japan-over-disputed-islands-with-patrols.html
[Martin Fackler, A Chinese marine surveillance ship cruising next to a
Japanese Coast Guard patrol ship in the East China Sea in September, November 2,
2012]
http://www.taiwanembassy.org/public/Data/2102621484271.pdf
[Diaoyutai Dispute Special Report, Taiwan Newsletter October 26, 2012]
http://english.people.com.cn/90785/7943890.html
[Full text of Statement of the Ministry of foreign Affairs of the PRC, September
11, 2012]
http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2012-09/11/nw.D110000renmrb_20120911_5-01.htm
[Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Waijiaobu shengming, 10/09/2012 - Renmin
Ribao 11/09/2012]
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90780/7771782.html
[Yang Jingjie, China slams Japan's move over Diaoyi Islands, March 28,
2012]
http://www.cnfm.gov.cn/zljjyzj/dyd/
[Diaoyudao zhuanti]
http://eereporter.blogspot.com/2010/10/yesterday-two-miracles-however-you.html
[Historical analysis on the Senkaku Islands, October 24, 2010]
http://fr.globalvoicesonline.org/2008/07/05/528/
[Taïwan : Conflit autour des îles Diaoyutai; 5 juillet 2008]
http://globalvoicesonline.org/2008/07/02/taiwan-problems-on-diaoyutai-islands/
[Portnoy, Taiwan: Conflict over Diaoyutai Islands, July 2, 2008]
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2008/06/27/2003415879/1
[John Tkacik, Clear signal needed on disputes isles, June 27, 2008]
http://books.google.com/books?id=vDpEiKR2osoC&pg=PA95&dq=Pinnacle+Islands#v=onepage
[Historical documents of the Diaoyu islands (2000)]
http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/DIAOYU.HTM
[Cheng-China Huang, Diaoyutai islands dispute, June 1997]
http://www.jcp.or.jp/english/e-senkaku.html
[Questions related to the Senkaku Islands and perspectives for their resolution,
September 22, 1996]
http://www.skycitygallery.com/japan/diaohist.html
[Kiyoshi Inoue, Japanese Militarism & Diaoyutai (Senkaku) Island,
February 1972]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/senkaku.htm
[Senkaku / Diaoyutai islands (chronology)
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/senkaku-links.htm
[references & links]
|
| info
over de relaties met de buurlanden [Zhongguo yu zhoubian guojia de
guanxi]
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/MA27Ad02.html
[Sudha Ramachandran, China plays long game on border disputes,
January 27, 2011]
http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2011-08/11/content_4401017.htm
[Xuecheng Liu, Look beyong the Sino-Indian border dispute, June
2010]
http://www.newsgd.com/news/china1/200606020037.htm
['Land boundary law' to handle border issues, last update June 2, 2006
http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/china/borderdisputes.html
[Borderdisputes in China; April 19, 2005]
http://mit.academia.edu/MTaylorFravel/Papers/8479/Structural_Sources_of_Chinas_Territorial_Compromises
[Albert B.Wolf and M.Taylor Fravel, Correspondence: Structural Sources of
China's territorial compromises (2006)]
http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/document806.html
[Daniel Gomà Pinilla, Border disputes between China and North Korea,
March-April 2004]
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB49/
[William Burr, The Sino-Soviet border conflict, U.S. reactions and diplomatic
maneuvers, June 12, 2001]
http://www.chinapolitik.de/studien/china_analysis/schmidt_china_multilateralismus.pdf
[Dirk Schmidt, Die Beziehungen der Volksrepublik China zu multilateral
Gruppierungen im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum 1989-1999 (2001)]
|
|
| Totale
oppervlakte: ± 9,6 millioen km2; grootste afstand noord-zuid ± 4050 km,
oost-west: ± 5000 km
|
| Totale
bevolkingsaantal ± 1,30 miljard, 49% van het vrouwelijke en 51% van het mannelijke
geslacht;
92% behorend tot de Han-nationaliteit, 8% tot 55 andere nationaliteiten, de zgn 'nationale
minderheden'.
Ondanks de 1-kind politiek een aanzienlijke jaarlijkse bevolkingsaanwas, zie:
| China
population information and news & ticking population clock
http://www.cpdrc.org.cn/index.asp
[Zhongguodalu renkou shi zhong & jinnian yi chusheng ren]
 | de
stamvaders van de Han-Chinezen waren Afrikanen (of toch niet?)
http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/Science_2001_v292_p1151.pdf
[African Origin of Modern Humans in East Asia: A Tale of 12,000 Y
Chromosomes, May 2001]
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5519/1151
[idem, tables, references and footnotes]
http://www.handprint.com/LS/ANC/disp.html
[Hominid fossil sites, & map Migration of Homo sapiens (1997)]
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/humanorigins/history/peking.php
[History of human evolution: Peking man]
http://www.unesco.org/ext/field/beijing/whc/pkm-site.htm
[The Peking Man world heritage at Zhoukoudian]
http://www.china.org.cn/english/culture/240354.htm
[100.000-year-old human skull found (in Henan); January 2008]
http://www.china.org.cn/english/2001/Jan/6432.htm
[digging for clues of nation's origin; January 15, 2001]
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/chinamum/taklamakan.html
[The Takla Makan mummies; October 2000]
http://www.physorg.com/news5474.html
[Scientists find genetic evidence for southern origin of
modern humans in East Asia, July 27, 2005]
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/95/20/11763
[Jiazhen Tan, Genetic relationship of populations in China, September
29, 1998]
|
| waar
komen de mensen vandaan? en waar gaan ze heen?
http://nieuws.kuleuven.be/node/10169
[Stephen Hawking, Origin of the Universe, Leuven, October 25, 2011
(video)]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFjwXe-pXvM
[Origin of the Universe - Stephen Hawking (video, 1 of 5), & related videos]
http://web.archive.org/web/20080615011734/http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/03/16_hawking_text.shtml/
[Origins of the universe: Stephen Hawking's J.Robert oppenheimer Lecture, March
13, 2007]
http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp203_geology_human_history.pdf
[Donald F.Beaumont, How the earth's geology determined human history,
Sino-Platonic Papers number 2003, June 2010]
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/2000/0117/cover1.html
[Michael D.Lemonick, Andrea Dorfman, Up from the apes, Remarkable new
evidence is filling in the story of how we became human, January 17, 2000]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NZo-KXFcSo
[Chimpanzee human-like behaviour]
http://www.sciencemag.org/ardipithecus/
[Ardipithecus ramidus: iUnderstanding human origins: editorial, news focus,
introduction, research articles (Science, 2 October issue, 2009)]
http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/ingman.html
[Max Ingman, Mitochondrial DNA Clarifies Human Evolution, May
2001]
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/humanorigins/meettherelatives/w5i1.html
[meet your relatives: chimpanzee, homo sapiens, homo neanderthalensis]
http://www.lsp-mas.be/marxisme/1876aap.html
[Friedrich Engels, De rol van de arbeid in de overgang van aap naar mens
(1876)]
http://www.marxists.org/francais/marx/76-rotra.htm
[Friedrich Engels, Le rôle du travail dans la transformation du singe en
homme]
http://www.mlwerke.de/me/me20/me20_444.htm
[Friedrich Engels, Anteil der Arbeit an de Menschwerdung des Affen]
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d36_orig/origin.htm
[On the Origin of Species by Means of natural selection, or the Preservation of
favoured races in the struggle for life, by Charles Darwin,
London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859]
http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/darwin_charles_robert/descendance_homme/descendance_homme.html
[Charles-Robert Darwin (1809-1882), La descendance de l’homme et la
sélection sexuelle. Traduit de l’Anglais par Edmond Barbier
d’après la seconde édition anglaise revue et augmentée par l’auteur, 1876.
Humani Generis
[On Human Origin, Encyclical by Pope Pius XII on the theories of the origin of man, August
12, 1950]
http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/22602.php?index=22602&po_date=16.09.2008&lang=it
[Conferenza stampa di presentazione del convegno internazionale, Biological
evolution: facts and theories. A critical appraisal 150 years after the ' Origin of
Species', Roma, 3-7 Marzo 2009; September 16, 2008]
http://www.evolution-rome2009.net/
[Pontifical Gregorian University, III STOQ International Conference, Biological
Evolution: facts and theories. A critical appraisal 150 years after the ' Origin of
Species', Rome, 3-7 March 2009]
http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/volltexte/2007/981/pdf/e_Buch_MENSCHENBILDER_J._Fahrenberg_2007_100807.pdf
[Jochen Fahrenberg, Menschenbilder, Psychologische, biologische,
interkulturelle und religiöse Ansichten (e-Buch 2007)
http://english.cri.cn/6909/2011/08/02/2741s651489.htm
[70 percent of British related to Egyptian pharao Tutankhamen; August 2, 2011]
http://sinanthropus.blogspot.com/2006/07/new-evidence-for-asian-origins-of.html
[Teilhardina belgica]
http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/2005/0414/fe23-1.html
[Clues to alien life]
http://www.kennislink.nl/publicaties/dossier-robotica-1
[meet ASIMO]
http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/humanitys-last-invention-and-our-uncertain-future/
[Humanity's last invention
|
|
|
| Voor
info over de weerslag van de geologische gesteldheid op de economie en de
bevolkingsdichtheid, zie:
kaart vruchtbaarheid van de grond: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/china_agricultural_86.jpg
kaart gewassen: http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/Maps/CHN/12/al/index.html
kaart bevolkingsdichtheid: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/china_population_83.jpg
kaart infrastructuur: http://magnetbahnforum.de/index.php?China-Infrastructure
http://www.schillerinstitute.org/economy/maps/maps3.html#China%20and%20Far%20East
kaart bodemreliëf: http://www.hphein.de/Bilder/relief.JPG
kaarten, algemeen: http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/maps.asp?iso3=CHN&lang=en
|
| Talen:
het Mandarijn-Chinees, gebaseerd op het Beijing-dialect, dat zich als 'nationale taal'
opwerpt, het Kantonees van
zuidelijk China (inclusief Hong Kong), het Wu van Shanghai, en de talen van de 'nationale
minderheden'.
|
© 2002-2012 Jacoba J.H.M.Hanenburg
|
